Fibromyalgia
Understanding Fibromyalgia
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What is fibromyalgia?
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition affecting the body’s muscles and soft tissue. It is often characterised by widespread pain, fatigue, and tenderness in specific areas.
Other common symptoms of fibromyalgia include:
- Sleep disturbances
- Headaches
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Depression and anxiety
Fibromyalgia symptoms can vary in intensity and make daily life challenging for those suffering.
The causes of fibromyalgia
The exact cause of fibromyalgia is not 100% understood. Researchers believe it may be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Some possible causes or triggers of fibromyalgia include:
- Abnormal pain processing: One theory suggests that people with fibromyalgia have changes in the way their brain and nervous system process pain signals, which can amplify the perception of pain.
- Neurotransmitter imbalances: Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain and nervous system that help regulate various bodily functions. Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine may be involved in the development of fibromyalgia.
- Genetics: Fibromyalgia tends to run in families, suggesting there may be a genetic component to the disorder.
- Stress and trauma: Physical or emotional trauma, as well as chronic stress, may trigger or worsen fibromyalgia symptoms.
- Infections: Some infections, such as Lyme disease or hepatitis C, have been associated with fibromyalgia in some people.
The causes of fibromyalgia are still being studied, and researchers are working to better understand the complex interplay of factors that contribute to the disorder. While there is no single cause of fibromyalgia, identifying and managing the factors that contribute to symptoms can help improve the overall quality of life.
Symptoms of fibromyalgia
The most common symptoms of fibromyalgia include widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive difficulties, chronic headaches, sensory sensitivities, and mood disturbances. Fibromyalgia pain is typically described as a dull, achy, or burning sensation that affects multiple areas of the body and can be worsened by physical activity, stress, or weather changes.
While there is no cure for fibromyalgia, some people have found relief through medicinal cannabis. This article will explore the benefits, risks and side effects of using medicinal cannabis to treat fibromyalgia.
Treatment for fibromyalgia
Traditional treatment options
Common treatments for fibromyalgia that help manage symptoms and improve quality of life include medications, physical therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, and alternative medicine, such as medicinal cannabis.
Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, massage, and chiropractic care, can be effective in managing the pain and discomfort associated with fibromyalgia. These therapies work by targeting specific areas of the body to relieve tension and promote relaxation, which can help reduce pain and improve overall quality of life.
Acupuncture works by stimulating the nervous system and releasing natural painkillers, such as endorphins. It has been shown to help reduce pain and improve sleep quality in people with fibromyalgia.
Massage therapy can also be helpful in managing fibromyalgia symptoms. Massage can help reduce muscle tension, increase circulation, and promote relaxation, which can all help alleviate pain and improve sleep.
Chiropractic care can also help improve posture and reduce stress, which can contribute to fibromyalgia symptoms. It has been shown to be effective in reducing pain and improving mobility in some patients.
Alternative treatment options
In addition to complementary therapies, making lifestyle changes can also be beneficial in managing fibromyalgia symptoms. Regular exercise, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, can help improve strength, flexibility, and endurance.
Reducing stress is also important for managing fibromyalgia symptoms. Stress can exacerbate pain and fatigue, so it is important to find ways to manage stress levels. Improving sleep hygiene can also be helpful in managing fibromyalgia symptoms. This includes establishing a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bedtime, and creating a comfortable sleep environment. Getting enough restful sleep is crucial for managing pain and fatigue associated with fibromyalgia.
Using medicinal cannabis may benefit patients looking for relief from chronic pain, sleep disturbances, and anxiety or depression symptoms [1]. While some potential risks and side effects are associated with cannabis use, other patients have found it a safe and effective treatment option.
How medicinal cannabis works
Before diving into the pros and cons of using medicinal cannabis, it’s helpful to understand how cannabis works in the body.
The human body has an endocannabinoid system (ECS) that regulates various physiological processes, including pain, mood, appetite, and sleep. The ECS consists of a network of receptors and enzymes that interact with endocannabinoids, which are naturally occurring compounds in the body that are similar to the cannabinoids found in cannabis.
When cannabis is consumed, the THC and CBD in the plant interact with the ECS in the body. THC binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and body, producing various effects, including pain relief, relaxation, and altered perception. Conversely, CBD does not bind to cannabinoid receptors but instead interacts with other body receptors involved in inflammation, pain, and mood regulation.
Potential benefits of medical cannabis for fibromyalgia
Pain relief
One of the main potential benefits of using medicinal cannabis for fibromyalgia is pain relief. The cannabinoids in cannabis interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in regulating pain perception. For some, cannabis is effective in reducing pain, particularly chronic pain.
In a study published in the Journal of Pain, researchers found that cannabis use was associated with significantly reduced pain and stiffness in fibromyalgia patients [1].
Sleep improvement
Another common symptom of fibromyalgia is sleep disturbances. Medicinal cannabis has been shown to be effective in improving sleep quality in some patients. In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, researchers found that cannabis use was associated with improved sleep quality and duration in patients with chronic pain [2].
Reduced anxiety and depression
Many people with fibromyalgia also suffer from anxiety and depression. Medicinal cannabis has anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects in some patients. When discussing chronic pain, it should be noted the opioids are often prescribed to alleviate symptoms. Although prescription opioids may offer pain relief, some patients have reported that opioid use results in onset depression.
One study in the Journal of Affective Disorders compared levels of depression and anxiety among pain patients receiving prescription opioids, versus those prescribed medical marijuana. Researchers found that cannabis use was associated with significant reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with chronic pain [3].
*The above studies highlight the potential benefits of medicinal cannabis, but do have some limitations that need to be considered. These limitations may include: a relatively small sample size, use of self-reported data rather than objective measures, and not measuring the long-term effects of cannabis use or exploring the different strains/types of cannabis used, which may have an impact on the observed effects.
Potential side effects
Like any medication, medicinal cannabis can have side effects. While medicinal cannabis may benefit some patients, it is vital to understand the potential risks and side effects. Common side effects of cannabis use include dry mouth, dizziness, and increased heart rate. Some people may also experience anxiety or paranoia. It is also important to note that medicinal cannabis can interact with other medications, so it is essential to talk to your doctor before using cannabis.
Finding the right dose
When using medicinal cannabis, finding the correct dose that provides maximum benefits with minimal side effects is essential. Everyone’s tolerance and sensitivity to cannabis are different, so finding the right dose may take some trial and error.
Working with a healthcare provider who specialises in medicinal cannabis can be helpful in finding the correct dose and product for your specific needs.
The legal status of medicinal cannabis in Australia
In Australia, the use of medicinal cannabis is legal under certain circumstances. In 2021, the Australian government amended its Narcotics Drugs Act to allow for the cultivation and manufacture of medicinal cannabis products for therapeutic use [1].
To access medicinal cannabis in Australia, patients must have a valid prescription from a healthcare provider and obtain their medication from a licensed medicinal supplier. Medicinal cannabis is unavailable over the counter and cannot be legally grown or produced by patients for personal use.
While the legal framework for medicinal cannabis in Australia is still relatively new, there is growing awareness of its therapeutic potential for various medical conditions, including fibromyalgia.
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Research suggests that medicinal cannabis may benefit fibromyalgia patients looking for relief from chronic pain, sleep disturbances, and anxiety or depression symptoms.
If you’re considering using medicinal cannabis for fibromyalgia, it’s essential to work with a healthcare provider, to better understand your options and to determine if you are a suitable candidate for medical cannabis treatment.
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