Arthritis
Understanding Arthritis
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What is arthritis?
Arthritis refers to a group of conditions that cause inflammation and pain in the joints. There are over 100 types of arthritis, with the most common being osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds and can have a major impact on quality of life, but is more common in older adults.
The causes of arthritis
What causes arthritis depends on the type of arthritis. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear of the joints over time, which can be accelerated by injuries, obesity, or genetics. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder, which means the body’s immune system attacks the joints, leading to inflammation and damage. Other types of arthritis can be caused by infections, gout, or psoriasis. In some cases, the exact cause of arthritis is unknown.
There are many different factors that can contribute to the development of arthritis. Some of the most common causes include:
- Age: As we get older, the cartilage in our joints can begin to wear down, leading to arthritis.
- Genetics: Some types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can be inherited.
- Injuries: Joint injuries can increase the risk of developing arthritis.
- Infections: Certain infections can lead to the development of arthritis.
- Obesity: Carrying excess weight can put extra stress on the joints, increasing the risk of developing arthritis.
Symptoms of arthritis
The symptoms of arthritis can vary depending on the type of arthritis a person has. However, some common symptoms include:
- Pain and stiffness in the joints, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
- Swelling and inflammation in the joints.
- Reduced range of motion in the affected joints.
- In some cases, deformities in the joints.
The condition can also cause fatigue, fever, and weight loss. Arthritis symptoms may be present all the time or come and go in flare-ups.
Treatment for arthritis
Traditional treatment options
In Australia, there are several treatments for arthritis. Assistive devices such as braces, splints, and canes can also help support the joints and improve mobility. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to repair or replace damaged joints.
While there are many different treatments available for arthritis, ranging from over-the-counter pain relievers to surgery, some of the most common treatments include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These medications, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can help to reduce pain and inflammation in the joints.
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): These medications are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and can help to slow the progression of the disease.
- Physical therapy: Exercises and stretches can help to improve joint flexibility and reduce pain.
- Surgery: In severe cases, joint replacement surgery may be necessary.
Alternative treatment options
In addition to complementary therapies, making lifestyle changes can also be beneficial in managing arthritis symptoms. Non-drug treatments include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and weight management, which can help reduce stress on the joints.
Using medicinal cannabis may benefit patients looking for relief from chronic pain, sleep disturbances, and anxiety or depression symptoms [1]. While some potential risks and side effects are associated with cannabis use, other patients have found it a safe and effective treatment option.
How medicinal cannabis works
Before diving into the pros and cons of using medicinal cannabis, it’s helpful to understand how cannabis works in the body.
The human body has an endocannabinoid system (ECS) that regulates various physiological processes, including pain, mood, appetite, and sleep. The ECS consists of a network of receptors and enzymes that interact with endocannabinoids, which are naturally occurring compounds in the body that are similar to the cannabinoids found in cannabis.
When cannabis is consumed, the THC and CBD in the plant interact with the ECS in the body. THC binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and body, producing various effects, including pain relief, relaxation, and altered perception. Conversely, CBD does not bind to cannabinoid receptors but instead interacts with other body receptors involved in inflammation, pain, and mood regulation.
Potential benefits of medical cannabis for arthritis
There is growing evidence to suggest that medicinal cannabis may be a safe and effective treatment option for arthritis [14]. Some potential benefits of using medicinal cannabis to treat arthritis include the following.
Pan relief and sleep improvement
In 2006, a study examined the use of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had not responded to traditional therapies. The study found that Sativex was well-tolerated and provided significant improvement in pain, sleep quality, and overall disease activity [14].
Reduced inflammation
A study published in the European Journal of Pain examined the effects of transdermal cannabidiol (CBD) on inflammation and pain-related behaviours in a rat model of arthritis. The study found that CBD significantly reduced inflammation and improved mobility in the rats [15].
A Neuroscience Letters study investigated the effects of the synthetic cannabinoid O-1602 on pain and inflammation in a rat model of arthritis. The study found that O-1602 reduced pain and inflammation in the rats through activation of the GPR55 receptor [16].
Lowered anxiety and depression
In addition to these studies, medicinal cannabis use has been reviewed in a systematic review, which analysed the results of randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of cannabinoids in chronic pain associated with rheumatic diseases. The review found that cannabinoids were effective in reducing anxiety and depression, offering pain relief, and improving sleep in patients with rheumatic diseases [17].
*The above studies highlight the potential benefits of medicinal cannabis, but do have some limitations that need to be considered. These limitations may include: a relatively small sample size, use of self-reported data rather than objective measures, and not measuring the long-term effects of cannabis use or exploring the different strains/types of cannabis used, which may have an impact on the observed effects.
Potential side effects
Like any medication, medicinal cannabis can have side effects. While medicinal cannabis may benefit some patients, it is vital to understand the potential risks and side effects. Common side effects of cannabis use include dry mouth, dizziness, and increased heart rate. Some people may also experience anxiety or paranoia. It is also important to note that medicinal cannabis can interact with other medications, so it is essential to talk to your doctor before using cannabis.
Finding the right dose
When using medicinal cannabis, finding the correct dose that provides maximum benefits with minimal side effects is essential. Everyone’s tolerance and sensitivity to cannabis are different, so finding the right dose may take some trial and error.
Working with a healthcare provider who specialises in medicinal cannabis can be helpful in finding the correct dose and product for your specific needs.
The legal status of medicinal cannabis in Australia
In Australia, the use of medicinal cannabis is legal under certain circumstances. In 2021, the Australian government amended its Narcotics Drugs Act to allow for the cultivation and manufacture of medicinal cannabis products for therapeutic use [1].
To access medicinal cannabis in Australia, patients must have a valid prescription from a healthcare provider and obtain their medication from a licensed medicinal supplier. Medicinal cannabis is unavailable over the counter and cannot be legally grown or produced by patients for personal use.
While the legal framework for medicinal cannabis in Australia is still relatively new, there is growing awareness of its therapeutic potential for various medical conditions, including fibromyalgia.
Learn more with cantro.health
While there are many different treatments available for arthritis, medicinal cannabis may offer a safe and effective alternative for those seeking relief from joint pain and inflammation. As always, it is important to discuss any treatment options with a healthcare provider to ensure that they are safe and appropriate for an individual’s specific needs.
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