Insomnia
Understanding Insomnia
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What is insomnia?
Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterised by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, waking up too early, or feeling tired upon waking up. It is a common problem that affects many Australians, with nearly half (48%) of adults experiencing symptoms of insomnia at some point in their lives [8].
The causes of insomnia
Insomnia can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) and can be caused by many factors, including:
- Stress: Worries about work, relationships, finances, or other concerns can make it difficult to fall asleep.
- Lifestyle factors: Poor sleep habits, such as irregular sleep schedules or consuming caffeine or alcohol late in the day, can interfere with sleep.
- Medical conditions: Chronic pain, respiratory disorders, or neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease can affect sleep.
- Mental health disorders: Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can cause insomnia.
- Medications: Some medications, such as antidepressants, steroids, and blood pressure medications, can interfere with sleep.
- Environmental factors: Noise, light, and temperature changes can also impact sleep quality.
Symptoms of insomnia
Common insomnia symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, waking up too early, waking up during the night and having trouble going back to sleep, feeling tired or sleepy during the day, irritability, depression, and anxiety.
Some people may also experience physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach problems, and tension in the muscles.
Treatment for insomnia
Traditional treatment options
Effective insomnia treatment depends on the underlying cause of the condition. For some people, simple lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, establishing a regular sleep schedule, and creating a relaxing bedtime routine may work.
Other non-drug treatments may include cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) or relaxation techniques such as deep breathing exercises or meditation. In some cases, a sleep specialist may recommend the use of a sleep aid.
Alternative treatment options
In addition to traditional treatments, some people with insomnia may find comfort in other alternative methods. Sleep aids, such as melatonin, can help regulate the sleep-wake cycle, while medication, such as benzodiazepines, can help induce sleep.
Using medicinal cannabis may benefit patients with insomnia or those looking for relief from other sleep disorders [1]. While some potential risks and side effects are associated with cannabis use, other patients have found it a safe and effective treatment option.
How medicinal cannabis works
Before diving into the pros and cons of using medicinal cannabis, it’s helpful to understand how cannabis works in the body.
The human body has an endocannabinoid system (ECS) that regulates various physiological processes, including pain, mood, appetite, and sleep. The ECS consists of a network of receptors and enzymes that interact with endocannabinoids, which are naturally occurring compounds in the body that are similar to the cannabinoids found in cannabis.
When cannabis is consumed, the THC and CBD in the plant interact with the ECS in the body. THC binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and body, producing various effects, including pain relief, relaxation, and altered perception. Conversely, CBD does not bind to cannabinoid receptors but instead interacts with other body receptors involved in inflammation, pain, and mood regulation.
Potential benefits of medical cannabis for insomnia
Sleep quality
Medicinal cannabis has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of health conditions, including chronic pain, nausea, and seizures. It may also be beneficial in treating insomnia, as it can help promote relaxation and induce sleep.
In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, researchers found that medicinal cannabis improved sleep quality in patients with chronic pain and insomnia [9]. Another study, published in the Journal of Sleep Research, found that medicinal cannabis improved sleep quality and reduced symptoms of insomnia in patients with multiple sclerosis [10].
Alleviate anxiety
Another common cause for insomnia is anxiety. Unfortunately, as sleep quality continues to deteriorate, anxiety levels also often increase.
A 2019 study examined the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in patients with anxiety and sleep disorders. It found that CBD was well-tolerated and improved anxiety and sleep in the majority of patients [11].
*The above studies highlight the potential benefits of medicinal cannabis, but do have some limitations that need to be considered. These limitations may include: a relatively small sample size, use of self-reported data rather than objective measures, and not measuring the long-term effects of cannabis use or exploring the different strains/types of cannabis used, which may have an impact on the observed effects.
Potential side effects
Like any medication, medicinal cannabis can have side effects. While medicinal cannabis may benefit some patients, it is vital to understand the potential risks and side effects. Common side effects of cannabis use include dry mouth, dizziness, and increased heart rate. Some people may also experience anxiety or paranoia. It is also important to note that medicinal cannabis can interact with other medications, so it is essential to talk to your doctor before using cannabis.
Finding the right dose
When using medicinal cannabis, finding the correct dose that provides maximum benefits with minimal side effects is essential. Everyone’s tolerance and sensitivity to cannabis are different, so finding the right dose may take some trial and error.
Working with a healthcare provider who specialises in medicinal cannabis can be helpful in finding the correct dose and product for your specific needs.
The legal status of medicinal cannabis in Australia
In Australia, the use of medicinal cannabis is legal under certain circumstances. In 2021, the Australian government amended its Narcotics Drugs Act to allow for the cultivation and manufacture of medicinal cannabis products for therapeutic use [1].
To access medicinal cannabis in Australia, patients must have a valid prescription from a healthcare provider and obtain their medication from a licensed medicinal supplier. Medicinal cannabis is unavailable over the counter and cannot be legally grown or produced by patients for personal use.
While the legal framework for medicinal cannabis in Australia is still relatively new, there is growing awareness of its therapeutic potential for various medical conditions, including fibromyalgia.
Learn more with cantro.health
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can have a significant impact on daily life. While there are many different treatments available, including lifestyle changes, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and medication, medicinal cannabis may be a beneficial option for some patients. It can help promote relaxation and induce sleep, but it is important to speak with a healthcare provider before using medicinal cannabis to treat insomnia to ensure it is a safe and effective option.
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